Customs. Rules of origin. Tariffs (WTO)

1. Role of WTO in Customs Procedures
2. Multilateral Trading System
3. World Trade Organization Agreements
   1. Tariffs
   2. Agriculture
   3. Standards and safety
   4. Textiles
   5. Anti-dumping, subsidies, and safeguards
   6. Non-tariff barriers
4. Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures
5. Agreement on Customs Valuation
   1. Customs Valuation Rules
   2. Customs Valuation Methods:
      1. Transaction value
      2. Identical or similar goods
      3. Deductive or computed method
      4. Fall-back
6. Pre-shipment Inspection Agreement
7. Rules of Origin Agreement
8. Trade Facilitation
   1. Trade Facilitation Agreement
   2. World Customs Organization (WCO)
   3. Kyoto Convention (Containers)
   4. Convention Harmonization of Frontier Controls of Goods
9. Customs and Regional Trade Agreements
10. Customs Procedures and the Doha agenda
11. Trade Restrictions

AI for Global Business

1. AI and Global Trade
2. AI in Global Strategy and Decision-Making
3. AI in Global Supply Chain Management

Sample:

The educational aims of the Subject “Customs and WTO” are to understand the:

1. Role of WTO in Customs Procedures
2. WTO Agreements
3. Fundamental concepts related to customs: non-tariff barriers, customs valuation, transaction value, pre-shipment inspection, rules of origin, and import licences
4. Customs Valuation Methods

The Subject “Customs and WTO” is included within the curriculum of the following academic programs at EENI Global Business School:

Postgraduate Certificate in International Trade.

Masters: International Business, Foreign Trade, International Transport.

Doctorate: Global Logistics.

Languages: or Douanes Aduanas Alfandegas.

Import licensing

In Foreign Trade, import licensing are the administrative procedures that need the compliance of documentation to the administrative organization as a previous condition for importation of products.

The Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures of WTO refers to “import licensing should be simple, transparent and predictable.”

The World Trade Organization Agreement on Customs Valuation defines that customs valuation should (excluding in specified circumstances) be based on the actual price of the Products (usually marked on the invoice).

The following six methods are considered in WTO Agreement on Customs:

1. Transaction value
2. Transaction value of identical products
3. Transaction value of similar products
4. Deductive method
5. Computed method
6. Fall-back method

Transaction value is the price paid by the importer to benefit of the exporter for imported products.

1. Religion and international product/service policies

Pre-shipment inspection

When the exporter or the importer outsource to specialized private enterprises to control shipment details (price, quantity, and quality) of the products.

The Pre-shipment Inspection Agreement recognizes that GATT principles and obligations apply to these pre-shipment activities.

Sample - Customs and WTO

Rules of Origin

The “Rules of origin” define where a product was produced. The concept of rules and certificate of origin is a fundamental pillar of International Trade rules (quotas, preferential Tariffs, anti-dumping, or counter export subsidies).

Related Subjects:

1. Non-tariff Measures
2. Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
   1. Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
3. Technical Barriers to Trade
   1. Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade
4. Anti-dumping Measures and Safeguards
   1. Agreement on Safeguards
5. Import Licensing and Quotas
6. Pre-shipment Inspection
   1. Agreement on Preshipment Inspection
7. Istanbul Convention

(Source: World Trade Organization).