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A Turquia tem uma população total de 70 milhões. A
disciplina fiscal e uma política fiscal ajustada continuam sendo os pilares
principais do programa econômico da Turquia, havendo contribuído em boa medida à
diminuição da inflação, além de forte crescimento.
Além das políticas macroeconômicas saneadas, a Turquia
iniciou uma grande reforma estrutural. Comparado com as experiências de
outros países, o sucesso da Turquia foi notável sobre todo devido à velocidade
com a qual ocorreram estas mudanças estruturais e institucionais.
De fato, a Turquia deu grandes passos na reestruturação de
seu setor financeiro assim como melhorar o governo do setor público e sua forma
de fazer negócios.
A Turquia é membro da Organização do Comércio Mundial desde
1995, além disso, é membro da Organização Econômica da Cooperação (ECO),
UNCTAD,
Organização Econômica da Cooperação do Mar Negro, União Mundial de Alfândegas,
Câmara de Comércio internacional, Organização Islâmica para a Cooperação, D-8,
etc.
A Turquia está considerada como o 13ª país mais atrativo
para a captação de investimento (FDI). Em Maio de 2007, um total de 16.500
empresas com capital forâneo estavam operando na Turquia.
Among these, 13,549 companies and branch offices with international
capital have been established and 2,951 foreign capital participations in the
existing companies incurred.
The
majority of the 16,500 companies financed with international capital is in the
wholesale and retail trade sectors; this is followed by manufacturing, real
estate renting and other business activities. Textile goods production leads the
manufacturing sector in investments followed by chemicals and food and beverage
products
In 2006, both exports and imports reached an all time high:
exports increased by 16.% reaching $85.1 billion USD, while imports rose by 18% amounting to $137 billion USD. The table below shows Turkey's historic trade
figures for the years 1995-2006.
With respect to Turkey's imports by country groups, EU members
have maintained the highest position since 1980. Between 1999 and 2005, while it
was observed that imports from EU members rose from around 44% to 52%, there was
also a marked increase in imports from Asia, the Black Sea Economic Cooperation
Member Countries, and the Common Wealth of Independent States which has
attracted significant attention.
In 2005, the share of imports to OECD countries was 56.6%. The
highest position among the OECD countries was held by the EU members with a
total market share of 42.2%. In 2005 the top 5 countries in terms of imports
were Germany, Russia, Italy, China and France. The overall share of these 5
countries in imports was 40.1%.
The Turkish economy has had a steady growth rate for the last 20
quarters. GNP and GNP per capita figures highlight the strength and the
stability of the national economy as well as its integration to macroeconomic
global trends.
In recent years, the Turkish economy has displayed a high growth
performance due to decisively implemented structural reforms as well as
successful macroeconomic policies; it has become one of the fastest growing
economies in the world. The average real GDP growth rate, which was 2.4% during
the 1992-2001 period, reached 7.45% in the 2002-2006 period.
Economic growth for 2007, is presently estimated at 5% and early
indicators point out that the official estimate of 5% growth for the entire year
seems well within reach. It is anticipated that economic growth will be driven
mainly by private sector investments supported by high export performances.
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